•transformation of
human societies from being hunter-gatherer based to agriculture based.
Vere Gordon Childe
(14 April 1892 – 19 October 1957),
better known as V. Gordon Childe, was an Australian archaeologist andphilologist who specialised in the study of European prehistory.
AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT(14 April 1892 – 19 October 1957),
better known as V. Gordon Childe, was an Australian archaeologist andphilologist who specialised in the study of European prehistory.
•Neolithic
Revolution, Occurred first in the so-called FERTILE CRESCENT.
FERTILE
CRESCENT
•The Fertile
Crescent is
a region in Western Asia. It includes the comparatively fertile regions
of Mesopotamia and
the Levant,
delimited by the dry climate of the Syrian Desert to
the south and the Anatolian highlands to
the north.
•The
region is often considered the cradle of civilization; it saw the
development of many of the earliest human civilizations, and is
the birthplace of writing and the wheel.
NEOLITHIC
REVOLUTION
•Later
occurred in CHINA, the AMERICAS, parts of AFRICA and
NEW GUINEA
•AGRICULTURE
and PASTORALISM diffused
from MESOPOTAMIA to EGYPT, western EUROPE and the INDUS VALLEY.
•The
Crops that People domesticated varied from place to place depending on the
variety that is suitable to the place.
•
•Animals
were also domesticated by the Neolithic.
FARMING
• made life easier.
•Brought
steady supply of food
•Enabled
the people to stay longer in one place.
•
THE FIRST VILLAGES
•
world
population had risen to 90 million by 4000BCE.
•One
of earliest villages dated by Archeologist was that of JERICHO and CATAL HUYUK.
CATAL HUYUK
•Located
overlooking
wheat fields in the Konya Plain, southeast of the present-day city
of Konya (ancient Iconium) in Turkey.
JERICHO
•is
a city located near the Jordan River in the West Bank of
the Palestinian territories.
TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCES
•Invention
of PLOW
CHANGES BROUGHT ABOUT BY THE NEOLITHIC
REVOLUTION
•The
use of ashes and manure to fertilize fields
•The
Invention of loom, started weaving textiles of linen and
wool
•The
invention of wheel and used it for transportation
•Hammered
the metals copper, lead, and gold to make jewelry and weapons
•Creation
of CALENDARS.
•
•
SOCIAL
CHANGES
•The
SOCIAL STRUCTURE of a VILLAGE life changed as a result of a complex economy.
•Special
groups of workers were formed
•Social
class with varying wealth, power, and influence started to appear.
•A
System of Social Class later became distinct as cities grew.
•Religion
became more organized.
•
•Advance
cities
•Specialized
workers
•Complex
institutions
•Record
keeping
•Advance
technology
ADVANCE CITIES
•CIVILIZATION
- “civitas”
Latin word which means “city”.
•A
city is more than a large group of people living together
•A
city is the center of trade for a larger area.
•The
earliest cities appeared in river valleys.
RIVER
VALLEYS
•Tigris
and Euprhates
•Nile
river valley
•Yellow
river valley
SPECIALIZED
WORKERS
•TRADERS
•GOVERNMENT
OFFICIALS
•PRIESTS
SPECIALIZATION
is the enhancement of skills of a
specific kind of work.
COMPLEX
INSTITUTIONS
•Government
became necessary
•Religion
became a recognized institution
•Most
cities had erected temples where religious activities took place
•Temple
became the core of both government and religious affairs
•Temples
served as the city’s economic center
•CUNEIFORM
– system of writing in Sumeria
•Document
tax collections, passage of laws, storage of grain and other products.
•Writing
about wars, natural disasters, and the way the king managed the government
•
•
Completo ni....
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